Family planning
البحث ده ممل جدا والتدوير فيه صعب وبياخد وقت وصراحة مطلوب من طلاب الفرقه التالته كتيرررررر جدا وبيتطلب كل سنه وانا بحثت عنه وجبته هنا اتمنى يعجبكم
Family planning
Family planning:
helps you prevent conception and reduce the risk of pregnancy. The biggest advantage of family planning tools is that they save you from the hassles of pregnancy termination and abortion. Adopting a family plan directly effects a woman's health in a good way by preventing unwanted and unplanned pregnancies and subsequent abortions. Restricting the family size allows more resources for bringing up your children and sustaining a family in a balanced way. Adopting family planning methods helps couples to let their children have a more focused upbringing, better education and other amenities. Family planning perspectives are being given serious thought worldwide, and so, important birth control FAQ are being referred more often than ever for effective family planning.
Types of Family Planning:
Family planning tools or types of family planning are broadly categorized into two sections: Natural Family Planning Methods and Artificial Family Planning Methods
1- Natural Family Planning
Natural family planning is based on avoiding sexual intercourse during the fertile period of women. This method is based on physical signs of ovulation like basal body temperature and certain changes in mucus consistency.
2- Artificial Family Planning
Artificial family planning signifies various contraception methods that include hormonal methods like birth control pills and Norplant implant, barrier methods like condoms which act as foremost male contraception, cervical caps and diaphragms, and sterilization or permanent contraception. Another popular hormonal birth control method is the IUD (Intrauterine device). This is a small metal device which is inserted inside the uterus of women of reproductive age. IUD prevents unwanted pregnancy and is an effective birth control device.
3- Safer Sex
Safer sex refers to a sexual practice undertaken with proper precautions to avoid the possible chances of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections and diseases (STIs and STDs). It is an act where bodily fluids including vaginal secretion, blood, sperm or saliva are not exchanged. Thus, safer sex includes protection against unwanted pregnancies and sex diseases. Barriers like condoms and vaccinations against STIs and BBVs (blood borne viruses) can safeguard the individuals from hazardous diseases as well as allow them to enjoy the sexual pleasures. Sex without penetration is also a form safer sex.
4-Male Contraception Methods
Contraceptives or protective measures for safer sex should be taken by both the partners. There are certain specific contraceptive methods meant separately for males and females. Mentioned here are the contraception methods which can be opted by men :
a-Abstinence: - Avoiding the indulgence in any kind of sex act.
b-Condoms: Latex cover for penis.
What are condoms made of?
Condoms are usually made of latex or polyurethane. If possible you should use a latex condom, as they are slightly more reliable and in most countries they are most readily available. Latex condoms can only be used with water based lubricants, not oil based lubricants such as Vaseline or cold cream as they break down the latex.
Condoms, lubrication and spermicides
The lubrication on condoms varies. Some condoms are not lubricated at all, some are lubricated with a silicone substance, and some condoms have a water-based lubricant. The lubrication on condoms aims to make the condom easier to put on and more comfortable to use. It can also help prevent condom breakage.Some condoms and lubricants contain Spermicide
So when and how do you use a condom?
You need to use a new condom every time you have sexual intercourse. Never use the same condom twice.
Only put on a condom once there is a partial or full erection.
Open the condom packet at one corner being careful not to tear the condom with your fingernails, your teeth, or through being too rough. Make sure the packet and condom appear to be in good condition, and check that the expiry date has not passed.
Place the rolled condom over the tip of the hard penis, whilst pinching the tip of the condom enough to leave a half inch space for semen to collect. If the penis is not circumcised, pull back the foreskin before rolling on the condom.
Roll the condom all the way down to the base of the penis, and smooth out any air bubbles. (Air bubbles can cause a condom to break.)
If you want to use some extra lubrication, put it on the outside of the condom. Always use a water-based lubricant (such as KY Jelly or Liquid Silk) with latex condoms, as an oil-based lubricant will cause the latex to break.
The man wearing the condom doesn't always have to be the one putting it on - it can be quite a nice thing for his partner to do.
If you decide to have anal intercourse after vaginal intercourse, or vaginal intercourse after anal intercourse, you should consider changing the condom.
When you have ejaculated or finished having sex, withdraw the penis before it softens. Make sure you hold the condom against the base of the penis while you withdraw, so that the semen doesn't spill.
What are the advantages of using a condom?
1- It protects against HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.
2- It is an efficient contraceptive whose consistent and proper use provides reliable protection from pregnancy.
3- It is suitable for all couples and types of sexual intercourse.
4- It is small and practical, which enables us to always have one with us.
5- It is simple and fun to use.
6- It boosts pleasure.
7- It means that you don’t have to worry.
8- It does not require a prescription or examination.
9- It can be bought almost anywhere.
What are the disadvantages of using a condom?
1- May disrupt spontaneity during sex
2- Can reduce sensitivity
3- Some men cannot maintain an erection when using a condom
4- Some men and women can develop an allergy or sensitivity to latex (in this case, polyurethane condoms may be used)
5- Some couples find that using condoms interrupts sex. To get round this, sex therapists often recommend making condom use part of foreplay.
c-Outercourse: - Sex play without vaginal intercourse.
d- Vasectomy: - Surgically, blocking the tubes carrying sperm
What is a vasectomy?
A vasectomy is an operation that makes a man permanently unable to get a woman pregnant. It involves cutting the 2 tubes called vas deferens so that sperm can no longer get into the semen.
How is a vasectomy done?
A vasectomy is usually done in your doctor's office or in an outpatient surgery center. The operation takes about half an hour. You'll be awake during the procedure. Your doctor will give you a local anesthetic to numb your scrotum.
After you're numb, your doctor will make a very small puncture (hole) on one side of your scrotum and pull out part of the vas deferens on that side. You may feel some tugging and pulling. A small section of the vas deferens is removed. The ends of the vas deferens will be sealed with small clamps. Your doctor will then do the same thing on the other side.
The puncture is so small that it heals without stitches.
How effective is vasectomy in preventing pregnancy?
Vasectomy may be the safest, most effective kind of birth control. Only about 15 out of 10,000 couples get pregnant the first year after a vasectomy.
What are the risks of a vasectomy?
1- You have a fever.
2- You have swelling that won't go down or keeps getting worse.
3- You have trouble urinating.
4- You can feel a lump forming in your scrotum.
5- You have bleeding from an incision that doesn't stop even after you've pinched the site between 2 gauze pads for 10 minutes
e- Withdrawal: - Pulling the penis out of vagina just at the time of ejaculation.
f- Spermicide: Prevents sperms from moving
How Does It Work?
Spermicides immobilize and kill the sperm before they are able to swim into the uterus. To be effective, the spermicide must be placed deep in the vagina, close to the cervix. Creams, gels, and foams are squirted into the vagina using an applicator. Other types of spermicides include vaginal contraceptive film (VCF), a thin sheet placed in the back of vagina by hand, and vaginal suppositories.
Spermicides must be placed in the vagina before sexual intercourse. The instructions will say how long before sex the spermicide should be used. Some offer protection right away. But most must be placed in the vagina at least 15 minutes before sex so they have enough time to dissolve and spread.
All forms of spermicides are only effective for 1 hour after they are inserted. If more than 1 hour goes by before having sex, or if you have sex again, another application of spermicide is needed. When using spermicides, girls should not douche for at least 6 hours after having sex.
How Well Does It Work?
Over the course of 1 year, about 29 out of 100 typical couples who rely on spermicide alone to prevent pregnancy will have an accidental pregnancy. Of course, this is an average figure and the chance of getting pregnant depends on whether you use spermicides correctly and every time you have sex. Spermicides are most effective when used in combination with another form of birth control.
In general, how well each type of birth control method works depends on a lot of things. These include whether a person has any health conditions or is taking any medications that might interfere with its use. It also depends on whether the method chosen is convenient — and whether the person remembers to use it correctly every time. Spermicides are not as effective on their own as other forms of birth control. However, they are convenient, inexpensive, and easy to use.
The Advantages of Spermicides
1- Readily Available
You don't need a prescription to purchase spermicides. They're available at most drug, grocery and discount department stores in the same section where condoms are displayed.
2- Inexpensive
Along with being readily available, spermicides are also inexpensive.
3- Safe
Planned Parenthood says spermicides are mostly safe to use. Some people can develop an allergic reaction or skin irritation on the penis or in the vagina. If this happens, Planned Parenthood recommends trying a different brand of spermicide.
4- Hormone Free
Because spermicides don't contain any hormones, women don't have to worry about the risks associated with hormone-based birth control, such as pills, patches or shots. These risks can include bleeding between
periods, breast tenderness, stroke or blood clots.
5- Effective
When spermicides are consistently used with a barrier method such as condoms or a diaphragm, they are much more effective than when used by themselves.
6- Private
When spermicides are used with internal barrier methods such as the female condom, diaphragm or sponge, they allow women to protect themselves against unwanted pregnancies without having to obtain their partner's approval.
5- Female Contraception Methods
there are a number of different options that can be opted for birth control and family planning by females. The female contraception methods for avoiding unwanted pregnancies include:
a- Birth Control Implant (Implanon)
A thin matchstick like implant inserted in the arm to prevent the formation of eggs.
b- Birth Control Patch (Ortho Evra)
- A thin plastic path stuck on the skin to keep the ovaries from releasing the eggs.
c- Birth Control Pills
- Pills taken on a daily basis to avoid pregnancy.
d- Birth Control Shot (Depo Provera)
- An injection that prevents pregnancy.
e- Birth Control Sponge (Today Sponge)
- A soft, round sponge inserted deep in the vagina to avoid pregnancy.
The contraceptive sponge combines barrier and spermicidal methods to prevent conception. Three brands are marketed: Pharmatex, Protectaid and Today. Pharmatex is marketed in France and Quebec; Protectaid in Canada and Europe; and Today in the United States.[1]
Sponges work in two ways. First, the sponge is inserted into the vagina, so it can cover the cervix and prevent any sperm from entering the uterus. Secondly, the sponge is produced with spermicide already inside of it, which is used to prevent the sperm from moving.
The sponges are inserted vaginally prior to intercourse and must be placed over the cervix to be effective. To facilitate removal, Today has an elastic band across the sponge; Protectaid has two slots.
Sponges provide no protection from sexually transmitted infections (
: Use
To use the Today sponge, it must be run under water until thoroughly wet, about 2 tablespoons. The water is used as a mechanism to activate the spermicide inside the sponge. No extra spermicide is needed. The Protectaid and Pharmatex sponges come ready to use.
The sponge can be inserted up to 24 hours before intercourse. It must be left in place for at least six hours after the last time you have intercourse. It should not be worn for more than 30 hours in a row.
The sponge should never be reused once it has been removed after having sexual intercourse.
f- Birth Control Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing)
- A flexible ring inserted into a woman's vagina so as to keep the ovaries from releasing eggs.
Use :
The currently approved NuvaRing regimen specifies insertion of the ring into the vagina for a three-week period, then removal of the ring for one week, during which the user will experience a menstrual period. The break week with NuvaRing is comparable to the placebo week for combined oral contraceptive pills ("the Pill"), and the contraceptive effect is maintained during this period. Extended use regimens (7-week, quarterly, or annual) involving back-to-back use of (2, 4, or 17) rings have been studied in clinical trials, but are not currently approved.
Insertion of the ring is comparable to insertion of other vaginal rings. The muscles of the vagina keep NuvaRing securely in place, even during exercise or sex. Women can check the contraceptive ring periodically with their finger. In rare instances, NuvaRing may fall out during sexual intercourse, while straining during a bowel movement, or while removing a tampon.
In the case of accidental expulsion, the manufacturer recommends rinsing the ring with cool water before reinserting. If this does not happen the way it is supposed to, the risk of pregnancy is increased. Contraceptive efficacy is reduced if the ring is removed, accidentally expelled, or left outside of the vagina for more than three hours. If left outside of the vagina for more than three hours, the device is to be rinsed and reinserted immediately. If this occurs, the manufacturer recommends that a backup method of contraception be used until the ring has been used continuously for a subsequent seven days
Benefits:
• once-a-month self-administered use offering convenience, ease of use and privacy (most users and most partners do not feel the ring, and of those who do, most do not object to it)[11][12][13]
• lower estrogen exposure than with combined oral contraceptive pills or the contraceptive patch Ortho Evra.[11][14][15]
• a low incidence of estrogenic side effects such as nausea and breast tenderness[12][16]
• a low incidence of irregular bleeding despite its lower estrogen dose[12][16]
• may lead to a shorter and lighter period[17]
• may help clear acne[17]
• can be attributed to a reduction of menstrual cramps and PMS[17]
• provides protection against iron deficiency anemia, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, and endometrial and ovarian cancers
Side effects:
In two large studies, over a one year period, 15.1% of users discontinued NuvaRing because of adverse events. Device-related adverse events (foreign object sensation, sexual problems, or expulsion) were the most frequently reported adverse events that resulted in discontinuation (by 2.5% of users). Device-related adverse events were reported at least once during the one year study period by 4.4% of NuvaRing users
g- Breastfeeding
- When a female breastfeeds her baby, the body automatically stops forming hormones necessary for getting pregnant.
h- Cervical Cap (FemCap)
- Cervical cap refers to a silicon cup, that is inserted into the vagina to cover cervix. It blocks the opening to the uterus and also stops the sperms from moving.
FemCap is a cervical barrier contraceptive. As of February 2009, FemCap is the only brand of cervical cap available in the United States.
FemCap is made of silicone, its shape is similar to a sailor's hat. FemCap has had two designs; the newer design added a loop, molded into the silicone, to assist with removal of the device. Only the newer design is available. There are three sizes of FemCap: 22, 26, and 30 mm. The smallest rim diameter (22mm) is intended for women who have never been pregnant. The medium (26mm) cap is intended for women who have been pregnant but have not had a vaginal delivery. The largest (30mm) is intended for women who have had a vaginal delivery of a full-term baby. The only exception to this rule, if a woman had a spontaneous miscarriage and/or she was not aware of it, in which case she should receive the 26mm FemCap. If the woman and her doctor are in doubt it is more appropriate to use the 26mm FemCap.
The FemCap Advantages:
1-Safe, effective, and highly acceptable to women and men.
2-Effective in preventing sexual transmitted infections
3-Completely natural sensation during intercourse.
4-Fast to learn and easy to use.
5-Can be inserted several hours before sexual intimacy.
6-Allows for natural spontaneity.
7-Does not interfere with the female sex drive like hormones do.
8-Comes in three sizes (can fit almost any woman)
9-Inexpensive, reusable for several years, environmentally safe.
10-Helps women maintain a healthy menstrual cycle.
j- Diaphragm
- Diaphragm is similar to cervical cap. It is a latex cup inserted into the vagina to cover cervix so as to block uterus as well as prevent sperms from moving.
k- Female Condom
- These are pouch like condoms with flexible ends which cover the inside of vagina to prevent the sperm meet the egg. This measure also safeguards a female from STDs and STIs.
How do you use the female condom?
Open the package carefully. Choose a position that is comfortable for insertion - squat, raise one leg, sit or lie down. Make sure the condom is lubricated enough.
If you are using the FC2 female condom, make sure the inner ring is at the closed end of the sheath, and hold the sheath with the open end hanging down. Squeeze the inner ring with thumb and middle finger (so it becomes long and narrow), and then insert the inner ring and sheath into the vaginal opening. Gently insert the inner ring into the vagina and feel it go up. Place the index finger inside the condom and push the inner ring as far as it will go. Make sure the condom is inserted straight, and is not twisted inside the vagina. The outer ring should remain on the outside of the vagina.
To remove the condom, twist the outer ring or frame gently and then pull the condom out keeping the sperm inside. Wrap the condom in the package or in tissue and throw it away. Do not put it into the toilet. It is generally recommended that the female condom should not be reused.
The female condom may feel unfamiliar and may be difficult to insert at first. Some women find that with time and practice using the female condom becomes easier.
What are the benefits?
• It provides an opportunity for women to share the responsibility for condoms with their partners.
• A woman may be able to use the female condom if her partner refuses to use a male condom.
• The female condom will protect against most STDs and pregnancy if used correctly.
• The FC2 female condom can be inserted in advance of sexual intercourse so as not to interfere with the moment.
• The FC2 female condom is made of nitrile, which can be used with oil-based as well as water-based lubricants. No special storage requirements are needed because nitrile is not affected by changes in temperature and dampness. In addition, nitrile conducts heat well, so sensation is preserved.
What are the disadvantages?
• The outer ring or frame is visible outside the vagina, which can make some women feel self-conscious.
• The FC2 female condom can make noises during intercourse (adding more lubricant can lessen this problem).
• Some women find the female condom hard to insert and remove.
• It has a higher failure rate in preventing pregnancy than non-barrier methods such as the pill.
• In some countries it can be relatively expensive and limited in availability.
Family planning
Family planning:
helps you prevent conception and reduce the risk of pregnancy. The biggest advantage of family planning tools is that they save you from the hassles of pregnancy termination and abortion. Adopting a family plan directly effects a woman's health in a good way by preventing unwanted and unplanned pregnancies and subsequent abortions. Restricting the family size allows more resources for bringing up your children and sustaining a family in a balanced way. Adopting family planning methods helps couples to let their children have a more focused upbringing, better education and other amenities. Family planning perspectives are being given serious thought worldwide, and so, important birth control FAQ are being referred more often than ever for effective family planning.
Types of Family Planning:
Family planning tools or types of family planning are broadly categorized into two sections: Natural Family Planning Methods and Artificial Family Planning Methods
1- Natural Family Planning
Natural family planning is based on avoiding sexual intercourse during the fertile period of women. This method is based on physical signs of ovulation like basal body temperature and certain changes in mucus consistency.
2- Artificial Family Planning
Artificial family planning signifies various contraception methods that include hormonal methods like birth control pills and Norplant implant, barrier methods like condoms which act as foremost male contraception, cervical caps and diaphragms, and sterilization or permanent contraception. Another popular hormonal birth control method is the IUD (Intrauterine device). This is a small metal device which is inserted inside the uterus of women of reproductive age. IUD prevents unwanted pregnancy and is an effective birth control device.
3- Safer Sex
Safer sex refers to a sexual practice undertaken with proper precautions to avoid the possible chances of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections and diseases (STIs and STDs). It is an act where bodily fluids including vaginal secretion, blood, sperm or saliva are not exchanged. Thus, safer sex includes protection against unwanted pregnancies and sex diseases. Barriers like condoms and vaccinations against STIs and BBVs (blood borne viruses) can safeguard the individuals from hazardous diseases as well as allow them to enjoy the sexual pleasures. Sex without penetration is also a form safer sex.
4-Male Contraception Methods
Contraceptives or protective measures for safer sex should be taken by both the partners. There are certain specific contraceptive methods meant separately for males and females. Mentioned here are the contraception methods which can be opted by men :
a-Abstinence: - Avoiding the indulgence in any kind of sex act.
b-Condoms: Latex cover for penis.
What are condoms made of?
Condoms are usually made of latex or polyurethane. If possible you should use a latex condom, as they are slightly more reliable and in most countries they are most readily available. Latex condoms can only be used with water based lubricants, not oil based lubricants such as Vaseline or cold cream as they break down the latex.
Condoms, lubrication and spermicides
The lubrication on condoms varies. Some condoms are not lubricated at all, some are lubricated with a silicone substance, and some condoms have a water-based lubricant. The lubrication on condoms aims to make the condom easier to put on and more comfortable to use. It can also help prevent condom breakage.Some condoms and lubricants contain Spermicide
So when and how do you use a condom?
You need to use a new condom every time you have sexual intercourse. Never use the same condom twice.
Only put on a condom once there is a partial or full erection.
Open the condom packet at one corner being careful not to tear the condom with your fingernails, your teeth, or through being too rough. Make sure the packet and condom appear to be in good condition, and check that the expiry date has not passed.
Place the rolled condom over the tip of the hard penis, whilst pinching the tip of the condom enough to leave a half inch space for semen to collect. If the penis is not circumcised, pull back the foreskin before rolling on the condom.
Roll the condom all the way down to the base of the penis, and smooth out any air bubbles. (Air bubbles can cause a condom to break.)
If you want to use some extra lubrication, put it on the outside of the condom. Always use a water-based lubricant (such as KY Jelly or Liquid Silk) with latex condoms, as an oil-based lubricant will cause the latex to break.
The man wearing the condom doesn't always have to be the one putting it on - it can be quite a nice thing for his partner to do.
If you decide to have anal intercourse after vaginal intercourse, or vaginal intercourse after anal intercourse, you should consider changing the condom.
When you have ejaculated or finished having sex, withdraw the penis before it softens. Make sure you hold the condom against the base of the penis while you withdraw, so that the semen doesn't spill.
What are the advantages of using a condom?
1- It protects against HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.
2- It is an efficient contraceptive whose consistent and proper use provides reliable protection from pregnancy.
3- It is suitable for all couples and types of sexual intercourse.
4- It is small and practical, which enables us to always have one with us.
5- It is simple and fun to use.
6- It boosts pleasure.
7- It means that you don’t have to worry.
8- It does not require a prescription or examination.
9- It can be bought almost anywhere.
What are the disadvantages of using a condom?
1- May disrupt spontaneity during sex
2- Can reduce sensitivity
3- Some men cannot maintain an erection when using a condom
4- Some men and women can develop an allergy or sensitivity to latex (in this case, polyurethane condoms may be used)
5- Some couples find that using condoms interrupts sex. To get round this, sex therapists often recommend making condom use part of foreplay.
c-Outercourse: - Sex play without vaginal intercourse.
d- Vasectomy: - Surgically, blocking the tubes carrying sperm
What is a vasectomy?
A vasectomy is an operation that makes a man permanently unable to get a woman pregnant. It involves cutting the 2 tubes called vas deferens so that sperm can no longer get into the semen.
How is a vasectomy done?
A vasectomy is usually done in your doctor's office or in an outpatient surgery center. The operation takes about half an hour. You'll be awake during the procedure. Your doctor will give you a local anesthetic to numb your scrotum.
After you're numb, your doctor will make a very small puncture (hole) on one side of your scrotum and pull out part of the vas deferens on that side. You may feel some tugging and pulling. A small section of the vas deferens is removed. The ends of the vas deferens will be sealed with small clamps. Your doctor will then do the same thing on the other side.
The puncture is so small that it heals without stitches.
How effective is vasectomy in preventing pregnancy?
Vasectomy may be the safest, most effective kind of birth control. Only about 15 out of 10,000 couples get pregnant the first year after a vasectomy.
What are the risks of a vasectomy?
1- You have a fever.
2- You have swelling that won't go down or keeps getting worse.
3- You have trouble urinating.
4- You can feel a lump forming in your scrotum.
5- You have bleeding from an incision that doesn't stop even after you've pinched the site between 2 gauze pads for 10 minutes
e- Withdrawal: - Pulling the penis out of vagina just at the time of ejaculation.
f- Spermicide: Prevents sperms from moving
How Does It Work?
Spermicides immobilize and kill the sperm before they are able to swim into the uterus. To be effective, the spermicide must be placed deep in the vagina, close to the cervix. Creams, gels, and foams are squirted into the vagina using an applicator. Other types of spermicides include vaginal contraceptive film (VCF), a thin sheet placed in the back of vagina by hand, and vaginal suppositories.
Spermicides must be placed in the vagina before sexual intercourse. The instructions will say how long before sex the spermicide should be used. Some offer protection right away. But most must be placed in the vagina at least 15 minutes before sex so they have enough time to dissolve and spread.
All forms of spermicides are only effective for 1 hour after they are inserted. If more than 1 hour goes by before having sex, or if you have sex again, another application of spermicide is needed. When using spermicides, girls should not douche for at least 6 hours after having sex.
How Well Does It Work?
Over the course of 1 year, about 29 out of 100 typical couples who rely on spermicide alone to prevent pregnancy will have an accidental pregnancy. Of course, this is an average figure and the chance of getting pregnant depends on whether you use spermicides correctly and every time you have sex. Spermicides are most effective when used in combination with another form of birth control.
In general, how well each type of birth control method works depends on a lot of things. These include whether a person has any health conditions or is taking any medications that might interfere with its use. It also depends on whether the method chosen is convenient — and whether the person remembers to use it correctly every time. Spermicides are not as effective on their own as other forms of birth control. However, they are convenient, inexpensive, and easy to use.
The Advantages of Spermicides
1- Readily Available
You don't need a prescription to purchase spermicides. They're available at most drug, grocery and discount department stores in the same section where condoms are displayed.
2- Inexpensive
Along with being readily available, spermicides are also inexpensive.
3- Safe
Planned Parenthood says spermicides are mostly safe to use. Some people can develop an allergic reaction or skin irritation on the penis or in the vagina. If this happens, Planned Parenthood recommends trying a different brand of spermicide.
4- Hormone Free
Because spermicides don't contain any hormones, women don't have to worry about the risks associated with hormone-based birth control, such as pills, patches or shots. These risks can include bleeding between
periods, breast tenderness, stroke or blood clots.
5- Effective
When spermicides are consistently used with a barrier method such as condoms or a diaphragm, they are much more effective than when used by themselves.
6- Private
When spermicides are used with internal barrier methods such as the female condom, diaphragm or sponge, they allow women to protect themselves against unwanted pregnancies without having to obtain their partner's approval.
5- Female Contraception Methods
there are a number of different options that can be opted for birth control and family planning by females. The female contraception methods for avoiding unwanted pregnancies include:
a- Birth Control Implant (Implanon)
A thin matchstick like implant inserted in the arm to prevent the formation of eggs.
b- Birth Control Patch (Ortho Evra)
- A thin plastic path stuck on the skin to keep the ovaries from releasing the eggs.
c- Birth Control Pills
- Pills taken on a daily basis to avoid pregnancy.
d- Birth Control Shot (Depo Provera)
- An injection that prevents pregnancy.
e- Birth Control Sponge (Today Sponge)
- A soft, round sponge inserted deep in the vagina to avoid pregnancy.
The contraceptive sponge combines barrier and spermicidal methods to prevent conception. Three brands are marketed: Pharmatex, Protectaid and Today. Pharmatex is marketed in France and Quebec; Protectaid in Canada and Europe; and Today in the United States.[1]
Sponges work in two ways. First, the sponge is inserted into the vagina, so it can cover the cervix and prevent any sperm from entering the uterus. Secondly, the sponge is produced with spermicide already inside of it, which is used to prevent the sperm from moving.
The sponges are inserted vaginally prior to intercourse and must be placed over the cervix to be effective. To facilitate removal, Today has an elastic band across the sponge; Protectaid has two slots.
Sponges provide no protection from sexually transmitted infections (
: Use
To use the Today sponge, it must be run under water until thoroughly wet, about 2 tablespoons. The water is used as a mechanism to activate the spermicide inside the sponge. No extra spermicide is needed. The Protectaid and Pharmatex sponges come ready to use.
The sponge can be inserted up to 24 hours before intercourse. It must be left in place for at least six hours after the last time you have intercourse. It should not be worn for more than 30 hours in a row.
The sponge should never be reused once it has been removed after having sexual intercourse.
f- Birth Control Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing)
- A flexible ring inserted into a woman's vagina so as to keep the ovaries from releasing eggs.
Use :
The currently approved NuvaRing regimen specifies insertion of the ring into the vagina for a three-week period, then removal of the ring for one week, during which the user will experience a menstrual period. The break week with NuvaRing is comparable to the placebo week for combined oral contraceptive pills ("the Pill"), and the contraceptive effect is maintained during this period. Extended use regimens (7-week, quarterly, or annual) involving back-to-back use of (2, 4, or 17) rings have been studied in clinical trials, but are not currently approved.
Insertion of the ring is comparable to insertion of other vaginal rings. The muscles of the vagina keep NuvaRing securely in place, even during exercise or sex. Women can check the contraceptive ring periodically with their finger. In rare instances, NuvaRing may fall out during sexual intercourse, while straining during a bowel movement, or while removing a tampon.
In the case of accidental expulsion, the manufacturer recommends rinsing the ring with cool water before reinserting. If this does not happen the way it is supposed to, the risk of pregnancy is increased. Contraceptive efficacy is reduced if the ring is removed, accidentally expelled, or left outside of the vagina for more than three hours. If left outside of the vagina for more than three hours, the device is to be rinsed and reinserted immediately. If this occurs, the manufacturer recommends that a backup method of contraception be used until the ring has been used continuously for a subsequent seven days
Benefits:
• once-a-month self-administered use offering convenience, ease of use and privacy (most users and most partners do not feel the ring, and of those who do, most do not object to it)[11][12][13]
• lower estrogen exposure than with combined oral contraceptive pills or the contraceptive patch Ortho Evra.[11][14][15]
• a low incidence of estrogenic side effects such as nausea and breast tenderness[12][16]
• a low incidence of irregular bleeding despite its lower estrogen dose[12][16]
• may lead to a shorter and lighter period[17]
• may help clear acne[17]
• can be attributed to a reduction of menstrual cramps and PMS[17]
• provides protection against iron deficiency anemia, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, and endometrial and ovarian cancers
Side effects:
In two large studies, over a one year period, 15.1% of users discontinued NuvaRing because of adverse events. Device-related adverse events (foreign object sensation, sexual problems, or expulsion) were the most frequently reported adverse events that resulted in discontinuation (by 2.5% of users). Device-related adverse events were reported at least once during the one year study period by 4.4% of NuvaRing users
g- Breastfeeding
- When a female breastfeeds her baby, the body automatically stops forming hormones necessary for getting pregnant.
h- Cervical Cap (FemCap)
- Cervical cap refers to a silicon cup, that is inserted into the vagina to cover cervix. It blocks the opening to the uterus and also stops the sperms from moving.
FemCap is a cervical barrier contraceptive. As of February 2009, FemCap is the only brand of cervical cap available in the United States.
FemCap is made of silicone, its shape is similar to a sailor's hat. FemCap has had two designs; the newer design added a loop, molded into the silicone, to assist with removal of the device. Only the newer design is available. There are three sizes of FemCap: 22, 26, and 30 mm. The smallest rim diameter (22mm) is intended for women who have never been pregnant. The medium (26mm) cap is intended for women who have been pregnant but have not had a vaginal delivery. The largest (30mm) is intended for women who have had a vaginal delivery of a full-term baby. The only exception to this rule, if a woman had a spontaneous miscarriage and/or she was not aware of it, in which case she should receive the 26mm FemCap. If the woman and her doctor are in doubt it is more appropriate to use the 26mm FemCap.
The FemCap Advantages:
1-Safe, effective, and highly acceptable to women and men.
2-Effective in preventing sexual transmitted infections
3-Completely natural sensation during intercourse.
4-Fast to learn and easy to use.
5-Can be inserted several hours before sexual intimacy.
6-Allows for natural spontaneity.
7-Does not interfere with the female sex drive like hormones do.
8-Comes in three sizes (can fit almost any woman)
9-Inexpensive, reusable for several years, environmentally safe.
10-Helps women maintain a healthy menstrual cycle.
j- Diaphragm
- Diaphragm is similar to cervical cap. It is a latex cup inserted into the vagina to cover cervix so as to block uterus as well as prevent sperms from moving.
k- Female Condom
- These are pouch like condoms with flexible ends which cover the inside of vagina to prevent the sperm meet the egg. This measure also safeguards a female from STDs and STIs.
How do you use the female condom?
Open the package carefully. Choose a position that is comfortable for insertion - squat, raise one leg, sit or lie down. Make sure the condom is lubricated enough.
If you are using the FC2 female condom, make sure the inner ring is at the closed end of the sheath, and hold the sheath with the open end hanging down. Squeeze the inner ring with thumb and middle finger (so it becomes long and narrow), and then insert the inner ring and sheath into the vaginal opening. Gently insert the inner ring into the vagina and feel it go up. Place the index finger inside the condom and push the inner ring as far as it will go. Make sure the condom is inserted straight, and is not twisted inside the vagina. The outer ring should remain on the outside of the vagina.
To remove the condom, twist the outer ring or frame gently and then pull the condom out keeping the sperm inside. Wrap the condom in the package or in tissue and throw it away. Do not put it into the toilet. It is generally recommended that the female condom should not be reused.
The female condom may feel unfamiliar and may be difficult to insert at first. Some women find that with time and practice using the female condom becomes easier.
What are the benefits?
• It provides an opportunity for women to share the responsibility for condoms with their partners.
• A woman may be able to use the female condom if her partner refuses to use a male condom.
• The female condom will protect against most STDs and pregnancy if used correctly.
• The FC2 female condom can be inserted in advance of sexual intercourse so as not to interfere with the moment.
• The FC2 female condom is made of nitrile, which can be used with oil-based as well as water-based lubricants. No special storage requirements are needed because nitrile is not affected by changes in temperature and dampness. In addition, nitrile conducts heat well, so sensation is preserved.
What are the disadvantages?
• The outer ring or frame is visible outside the vagina, which can make some women feel self-conscious.
• The FC2 female condom can make noises during intercourse (adding more lubricant can lessen this problem).
• Some women find the female condom hard to insert and remove.
• It has a higher failure rate in preventing pregnancy than non-barrier methods such as the pill.
• In some countries it can be relatively expensive and limited in availability.
تعليقات